The former player: 'I hoped to carry on playing'
Warning: This article includes descriptions of discriminatory comments and conduct
FormerEngland centre Luther Burrell claims that speaking out to reveal racial discrimination in professional rugby led his career to an early conclusion.
In a June 2022, Burrell described racism as being "widespread" in the sport, showing digital communications and remembering training ground "jokes" he had been subject to while representing Newcastle.
Then 34 and without a team, Burrell's only professional rugby since has been three appearances with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I've have absolutely had to retire because of what occurred," he told reporters.
"I really hoped to carry on playing, of course I did. I sought that, and it collapsed when news emerged that there were inquiries going on.
"That was difficult - I had to just accept the outcome and understand that this entire situation is a lot more important than me."
A sports organization report in 2023 found Burrell's allegations were accurate "on the balance of probability", but stated it could not collect enough proof to categorically say they occurred at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell started all of England's Six Nations games in 2014-15, but was controversially overlooked for their squad for the 2015 World Cup
Burrell told media he also faced prejudice within the England team environment, during a Test career that saw him win 15 appearances after his first game in February 2014.
"I've had multiple distressing experiences within England camp," he stated.
"Certain instances of discrimination and other just outdated thinking that's really unacceptable."
Racism had become normalised in team environments, in Burrell's experience.
"It's something that has been disguised as banter and that's been the problem that I've personally experienced and seen," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican heritage.
"During a period of time you just begin to think that it's the standard and that is fine and that it's not malicious, but that's incorrect."
Burrell says he was finally spurred to speak out after a team-mate at Newcastle referred to him as a "slave" and told him to put sunscreen on his wrists and ankles "where chains would be placed."
The governing body said Burrell's revelations had led to "increased scrutiny at the environment within the professional level and to the introduction of an action plan for the professional game."
"We has placed considerable focus on inclusion and inclusion in the sport and a substantial amount of work undertaken both prior and since Luther Burrell spoke publicly and shared his experiences of racism and classism," it added.
"We are continuing work with teams and partners in the elite level to strive for a culture of inclusivity but recognize this requires patience and is an continuous effort."
All Prem and PWR club now has face-to-face training on creating welcoming environments, with its success monitored via specific documentation and feedback.
All England players, including youth squads, are educated in being "active bystanders" to step in and defend others from harmful conduct.
"You be so proud of what you have accomplished," Burrell's mother Joyce told him as part of the documentary Luther Burrell - Rugby, Racism and Redemption.
"We know it has had this impact on you and finished your playing days, but in our view, you have achieved so much. We are so proud of you and to have you as a son."
Burrell's dad Geoff died shortly after the production of the documentary, and his sister died recently.
Burrell, who grew up on a council estate in Huddersfield, continues his work to make the sport more accessible.
His charitable organization works to connect with children in disadvantaged communities and support them thrive both on the pitch with free sports training, mentoring and dietary education.
"My intentions are genuine, I want to see the evolution of the game and if others is prepared to tell their story then I'll persist to fight that cause because I'm not just doing this for myself," he explained.
"We have an responsibility to make the game as great as it can be and the more I speak about it hopefully the more comfortable fellow players will become about sharing their own experiences as well.
"I need to grab the challenge by the opportunity and keep bearing this banner and keep supporting this responsibility and do what I can to develop opportunities and make the game more attractive and more inclusive.
"There's a lot of disadvantaged young people and a lot of economic hardship and I sincerely believe that the sport has the ability to transform their lives, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a comeback to former club Northampton in late 2022